Conversational AI and Large Language Models: Transforming Human-Computer Interaction

Abstract

Conversational AI powered by large language models (LLMs) is transforming how humans interact with digital systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of LLM architectures, dialogue management systems, and natural language understanding techniques. It explores applications in customer service, education, healthcare, and enterprise automation. The study highlights key challenges such as hallucination, bias, context retention, and data privacy. It also examines advancements in retrieval-augmented generation and multimodal conversational systems. The paper concludes with future directions in personalized AI assistants and ethical conversational frameworks.